Resistencia bacteriana en infecciones del tracto urinario de origen comunitario / Bacterial resistance in urinary tract infections of community origin

Antecedentes: Las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) representan una de las principales causas de morbilidad. Recientemente ha surgido preocupación por la creciente tasa de resistencia en los patógenos causantes, y el origen comunitario de la infección ya no garantiza susceptibilidad antibiótica. Objetivo: Determinar la tasa de los diferentes patrones de resistencia en infecciones de vías urinarias comunitarias, junto a los principales factores de riesgo asociados. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo donde se incluyó a todos los pacientes que consultaron a la emergencia de Medicina Interna con síndrome clínico de ITU y en quienes se demostró la etiología infecciosa mediante urocultivo. Se documentaron las comorbilidades y el consumo previo de antibióti-cos y se buscó la significancia estadística de esto sobre el desarrollo de resistencia.Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 sujetos a estudio, 90% de las infecciones se debieron a E coli y K pneu-moniae, se documentó resistencia en 68% de los casos, 41% resistentes a quinolonas, 27% ESBL(+) y 17% a cefalosporinas de 3ra generación. Se encontró que la DM era la comorbilidad más común (46%) y representó un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de resistencia a cefalosporinas (p=0.031) y cepas ESBL(+) (p=0.045). El consumo previo de aminopenicilinas, cefalosporinas y quinolonas condicionó para el desarrollo de diferentes resistencias.Conclusiones: Se encontró relación significativa entre la DM y el desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana, al igual que el uso previo de quinolonas, cefalosporinas y aminopenicilinas. El 68% de las cepas mos-tró alguna resistencia. Hay elevada tasa de resistencia a quinolonas, cefalosporinas y cepas ESBL(+). (AU)

Urinary tract infections (UTI's) represent one of the leading causes of disease worldwide. In recent years, great concern has emerged regarding the growing resistance rate among the different bacteria responsible for these infections, and community acquired infections no longer guarantee antibiotic susceptibility. Objective: To determine the rate of antibiotic resistance patterns in community acquired UTI's, and to identify the associated risk factors.Methods: This was a prospective study performed in the Emergency Room of a Reference Hospital in Guatemala City. Every patient that consulted with urinary symptoms and whose diagnosis was con-firmed by urinary culture was included. The patients were questioned about past medical history and previous antibiotic use. The statistical analysis was done using the IBM SPSS ™ software.Results: One-hundred patients were included. 90% were caused by E coli and K pneumoniae. Any resistance was detected in 68% of the cases, 41% were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 27% had ESBL enzymes, and 17% were found to be resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporines. Diabetes was pre-sent in 46% of the patients and prooved to be an important risk factor for the development of cepha-losporines (p=0.031) and ESBL(+) (p=0.045) resistance. Previous use of fluoroquinolones, cephalos-porines and aminopenicillins determined the development of certain resistance patterns.Conclusion: A statistical significant relationship was found between diabetes and ATB resistance as well as with previos ATB consumption and the latter. 68% showed any resistance. A high resistance pattern to quinolones, cephalosporins ESBL+ was documented.(AU)

Septic pulmonary embolism caused by a Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and clinical courses

OBJECTIVES: Septic pulmonary embolism caused by a Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae liver abscess is rare but can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. However, clinical information regarding this condition is limited. This study was conducted to elucidate the full disease spectrum to improve its diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: We reviewed the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and clinical courses of 14 patients diagnosed with septic pulmonary embolism caused by a K. pneumoniae liver abscess over a period of 9 years. RESULTS: The two most prevalent symptoms were fever and shortness of breath. Computed tomography findings included a feeding vessel sign (79%), nodules with or without cavities (79%), pleural effusions (71%), peripheral wedge-shaped opacities (64%), patchy ground-glass opacities (50%), air bronchograms within a nodule (36%), consolidations (21%), halo signs (14%), and lung abscesses (14%). Nine (64%) of the patients developed severe complications and required intensive care. According to follow-up chest radiography, the infiltrates and consolidations were resolved within two weeks, and the nodular opacities were resolved within one month. Two (14%) patients died of septic shock; one patient had metastatic meningitis, and the other had metastatic pericarditis. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentations ranged from insidious illness with fever and respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure and septic shock. A broad spectrum of imaging findings, ranging from nodules to multiple consolidations, was detected. Septic pulmonary embolism caused by a K. pneumoniae liver abscess combined with the metastatic infection of other vital organs confers a poor prognosis. .

A Case of Delayed-onset Multiple Metastatic Infection following Liver Abscess / 대한소화기학회지

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess has a tendency to spread to distant sites early in the course of disease and to involve multiple organs synchronously. A 59-year-old male was admitted because of liver abscess accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. The patient underwent percutaneous catheter drainage and received intravenous antibiotics. Symptom relief was achieved after the treatment as well as marked reduction in the size of the abscess. Despite proper treatment of the liver abscess, however, patient developed multiple metastatic infections in a non-concurrent manner: left and right endophthalmitis, psoas abscess, and infectious spondylitis at 5, 23, 30 and 65 days after initial manifestations of liver abscess, respectively. Each infectious episode followed one another after resolution of the former one. For each episode of metastatic infections, the patient promptly underwent treatment with systemic and local antibiotics, interventional abscess drainage, and surgical treatments as needed. The patient fully recovered without sequelae after the use of intravenous antibiotics for an extended period of time. Herein, we report a case of K. pneumoniae liver abscess complicated with delayed-onset multiple metastatic infections.

Klebsiella pneumoniae Orbital Cellulitis with Extensive Vascular Occlusions in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes

A 39-year-old woman visited the emergency room complaining of right eye pain and swelling over the preceding three days. The ophthalmologist's examination revealed orbital cellulitis and diabetic retinopathy in the right eye, although the patient had no prior diagnosis of diabetes. It was therefore suspected that she had diabetes and orbital cellulitis, and she was started on multiple antibiotic therapies initially. She then underwent computed tomography scans of the orbit and neck and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. These studies showed an aggravated orbital cellulitis with abscess formation, associated with venous thrombophlebitis, thrombosis of the internal carotid artery, and mucosal thickening of maxillary sinus with multiple paranasal abscesses. Three days later, initial blood culture grew Klebsiella pneumoniae. She recovered after incision and drainage and antibiotic therapy for 37 days.

Clinical features of gas-forming liver abscesses: comparison between diabetic and nondiabetic patients / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to have a pyogenic liver abscess with gas formation, which is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The morbidity and mortality in pyogenic liver abscess are also higher in DM patients than in non-DM patients. This study evaluated the morbidity, mortality, and clinical features in patients with gas-forming liver abscesses associated with DM. METHODS: Among 379 cases of pyogenic liver abscess excluding malignancy from January 2001 through December 2009, 25 patients treated for pyogenic-gas-forming liver abscesses were reviewed retrospectively. We compared the morbidity, mortality, and clinical findings in patients with pyogenic-gas-forming liver abscesses between DM and non-DM patients. RESULTS: Gas formation was present in 25 (6.6%) of 379 cases with pyogenic liver abscess. DM was combined with gas-forming liver abscesses in 19 cases (76%). The most common organism responsible for the gas formation was Klebsiella pneumoniae (82%). Complications were present in 23 cases (92%) of gas-forming liver abscesses, with pulmonary complications (especially pleural effusion) being the most common (n=14, 61%). Four patients (16%) died of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Gas-forming liver abscesses are not uncommon in cases of pyogenic liver abscesses and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The clinical manifestations and complications do not differ significantly between DM and non-DM patients.

Comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de las infecciones nosocomiales en la unidad de neonatología del Hospital Materno Infantil Fernando Vélez Paiz en el período de enero – diciembre 2008 / Clinical features and epidemiology of nosocomial infections in the neonatal unit of the Hospital Materno Infantil Fernando Vélez Paiz

Se realizo un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, sobre comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de las infecciones nosocomiales en la unidad de neonatología del hospital materno infantil ¨ Fernando Vélez Paiz¨ en el periodo de Enero a diciembre del 2008. Teniendo como Objetivo determinar el comportamiento clínico, epidemiológico de las infecciones nosocomiales en la unidad antes mencionada. El Universo lo constituyeron 1,100 recién nacidos egresados durante el periodo de Enero a Diciembre del 2008 , se obtuvo una muestra de 17 recién nacidos, a quienes se les había diagnosticado alguna infección nosocomial y que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La recolección de la información se realizo de fuentes indirectas entre estas las fichas de recolección de datos, expedientes clínicos, fichas de infecciones nosocomiales y registros de Bacteriología . Dicha información se proceso a través del programa de SSPS-11. Los recién nacidos masculino, nacido vaginal, pretérmino, con bajo peso al nacer, con más de 72 horas de estancia representaron a la mayoría de los casos. La frecuencia fue de1.5 % del total de casos En relación al tipo de infección nosocomial que mas predomino fue la flebitis seguida de conjuntivitis e infecciones del SNC, y por igual se presentaron las infecciones respiratorias, gastrointestinales y las sepsis. La onfaloclisis fue el factor de riesgo que mas predominó. El hemocultivo fue el medio diagnóstico estándar. El microorganismo patógeno más encontrado fue el estafilococo y estreptococo; con mayor sensibilidad a vancomicina...

Comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de las infecciones nosocomiales en la unidad de neonatología del Hospital Materno Infantil Fernando Vélez Paiz en el período de enero –diciembre 2008 / Clinical features and epidemiology of nosocomial infections in the neonatal unit of the Hospital Materno Infantil Fernando Vélez Paiz

Se realizo un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, sobre comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de las infecciones nosocomiales en la unidad de neonatología del hospital materno infantil ¨ Fernando Vélez Paiz¨ en el periodo de Enero a diciembre del 2008. Teniendo como Objetivo determinar el comportamiento clínico, epidemiológico de las infecciones nosocomiales en la unidad antes mencionada. El Universo lo constituyeron 1,100 recién nacidos egresados durante el periodo de Enero a Diciembre del 2008 , se obtuvo una muestra de 17 recién nacidos, a quienes se les había diagnosticado alguna infección nosocomial y que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La recolección de la información se realizo de fuentes indirectas entre estas las fichas de recolección de datos, expedientes clínicos, fichas de infecciones nosocomiales y registros de Bacteriología . Dicha información se proceso a través del programa de SSPS-11. Los recién nacidos masculino, nacido vaginal, pretérmino, con bajo peso al nacer, con más de 72 horas de estancia representaron a la mayoría de los casos. La frecuencia fue de1.5 % del total de casos En relación al tipo de infección nosocomial que mas predomino fue la flebitis seguida de conjuntivitis e infecciones del SNC, y por igual se presentaron las infecciones respiratorias, gastrointestinales y las sepsis. La onfaloclisis fue el factor de riesgo que mas predominó. El hemocultivo fue el medio diagnóstico estándar. El microorganismo patógeno más encontrado fue el estafilococo y estreptococo; con mayor sensibilidad a vancomicina...

Klebsiella pneumoniae brain abscess in two neonates.

We report two premature infants who developed multiple brain abscesses following Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Both the cases were diagnosed by ultrasonogram (USG) and cranial tomography. Abscess had intraventricular communication in one case. One infant was managed conservatively while the other required surgical drainage.

A Clinical Study of Pyogenic Liver Abscess at Two Different Local Hospitals / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Despite the improvement of personal and social hygiene, pyogenic liver abscess is still a common disease. We compared the incidence, infection route, underlying disease and major complications between two different local hospitals. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of 100 patients with pyogenic liver abscess who were treated at Seoul and Guri Hanyang University Hospital from 1999 to 2003. RESULTS: There were 64 males and 36 females in the study group; they were aged from 19 to 94 years with a mean of 56.5 years. Every year 19 to 23 pyogenic liver abscess patients were admitted to both hospitals. The most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae in both local hospitals. In the Seoul hospital, diabetes (40.9%) was most common associated condition. In the Guri hospital, biliary tract disease or a history of hepatobiliary surgery (54.2%) was the most common associated condition. Catheter drainage and/or percutaneous needle aspiration were established as the standard treatment modality. CONCLUSIONS: In both regional hospitals, the incidence of pyogenic liver abscess did not decrease and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism. Diabetes and biliary tract disease, including, previous hepatobiliary surgery, were the most identifiable underlying disease.

Comparison of Liver Abscess between Diabetic Patients and Non-Diabetic Patients / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Klebsiella pneumoniae is emerging as the leading cause for liver abscess although the most common pathogen was Escherichia coli in the past. Patients with diabetes mellitus are more likely to have a pyogenic liver abscess with gas forming infection; a gas forming pyogenic liver abscess carries a higher morbidity and mortality than the non-gas forming group. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical presentation and prognostic factors for pyogenic liver abscess in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients. METHODS: Medical records of 140 cases of patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from January 1995 through January 2004 were reviewed retrospectively in detail. RESULTS: Among 140 cases of pyogenic liver abscess, underlying diabetes was present in 26.4% (37/140). The clinical presentation between the two groups was not significantly different. The most common organism for the pyogenic abscess was K. pneumoniae in both groups. A gas forming liver abscess was discovered in only the diabetic liver abscess group, 6 of 37 patients (16%). CONCLUSIONS: K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in both diabetic and non-diabetic liver abscess. Gas forming liver abscess was more common in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. Diabetic patients had more complications than non-diabetic patients.

A blackening lady--case report.

A 40 year old lady presented with the classical clinical features of Addison's disease which on further investigations with an ultrasound abdomen showed a right suprarenal mass. This was subjected to a fine needle aspiration which revealed pus which on culture grew Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patient responded well to steroids and antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of Klebsiella pneumoniae in association with Addison's disease.

Clinical Outcome of Bacteremic Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis due to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for infection and clinical outcomes of bacteremic spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) due to ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. METHODS: The ESBL production was determined by NCCLS guidelines and/or double-disk synergy tests, on stored E. coli and K. pneumoniae blood isolates collected between 1998 and 2002. Of the patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, 15 case patients, with SBP due to ESBL-producers, were compared with 30 matched controls, with SBP due to non-ESBL-producers. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, Child-Pugh scores, or APACHE II scores between the two groups. Significant factors associated with infection by ESBL-producing organisms, according to univariate analysis, were: ICU care, indwelling urinary catheter, central venous catheterization, an invasive procedure within the previous 72 hours, and prior use of antibiotics within the previous 30 days. When assessing the clinical response at 72 hours after the initial antimicrobial therapy, the treatment failure rate was significantly higher in the ESBL group (73.3% vs. 16.7%, p< 0.001). Also, overall 30-day mortality rates were 60% (9/15) in the ESBL groups and 23.3% (7/30) in the control group (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Among patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, bacteremic SBP due to ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was associated with adverse outcomes, and significantly higher mortality.

Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Hepatitis B During Thalidomide Therapy for Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report

We report a case of acute fatal exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B in a 50-year-old man with multiple myeloma being treated with thalidomide. The patient had a medical history of chronic hepatitis B and was diagnosed with stage IIIA multiple myeloma. He suffered two episodes of transient transaminitis of unknown origin after successive autologous stem cell transplantations. Spontaneous resolutions of the transaminitis were observed without special management. At that time, PCR of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were all-negative. After 5-months' administration of thalidomide for the second relapse of the multiple myeloma, he suddenly experienced dizziness and jaundice. The level of HBV DNA was 1, 641 pg/mL and the serologic tests for other viruses were negative. Despite conventional supportive care, he expired due to septic shock caused by Klebsiella pneumonia. Based on the stable disease status of the multiple myeloma and exclusion of other hepatotoxic agents, it was assumed that the exacerbation of the hepatitis B virus during the thalidomide therapy preceded the bacterial sepsis. With the increased use of thalidomide in cancer treatment, cautious monitoring of the viral burden should be performed in patients with chronic hepatitis B.